The two leaders met Sunday at the king's palace in Riyadh. It is the first time a Russian president has visited the kingdom, a traditional ally of the United States.
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Prior to the meeting, King Abdullah told the Russian news agency Itar-Tass that Mr. Putin's visit will help improve bilateral cooperation.
Mr. Putin will make a brief visit to Doha, Qatar Monday, before traveling to Amman, Jordan, for a meeting Tuesday with Jordan's King Abdullah.
Mr. Putin's meetings with Arab leaders are expected to focus on trade and counter-terrorism issues. Moscow also is hoping to sell Russian-made weapons to Arab states that usually buy their arms from the U.S.
Some information for this report was provided by AFP, AP and Reuters.